الوضع الليلي
2:37:12 
2026-09-10 
15
A disturbed and emotionally unstable person is characterized by a low level of aspiration and poor adjustment. Such a person fears failure because they feel incapable of accomplishing what is required of them. If they achieve any progress, they tend to attribute it to chance rather than to their own abilities. In contrast, a well-adjusted person balances their abilities and capabilities when setting their goals (Abdul-Wahab Al-Eissa, 1973).
Therefore, a poorly adjusted person sets unrealistic goals for themselves as an indication of maladjustment. An unrealistically low level of aspiration indicates that the individual is unable to make full use of all their abilities and potential. As a result, they resort to one of the most significant manifestations of maladjustment: setting easy goals that they can achieve (Salah Merhab, 1984).
They may also set excessively high levels of aspiration that exceed their actual capabilities, as a form of compensation for their lack of a sense of security, which is attributed to their emotional instability (Ahmed Rajeh, 1987).
The researcher observes that understanding an individual's abilities, capabilities, and actual, purposeful performance requires clear awareness and understanding. An anxious, tense, and psychologically disturbed individual may set aspirations either above or below their actual capabilities. In both cases, the level of aspiration is unrealistic, and performance becomes inappropriate.
This occurs because the ideal self sets goals that do not correspond with the real self. The ego becomes involved in conflicts in an attempt to overcome persistent disturbance, tension, and anxiety. In doing so, it wastes its energy, and consequently, the individual's level of aspiration becomes characterized by a lack of realism.
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