Why is edge computing important?
4:5:32 2024-12-11 138

Computing tasks demand suitable architectures, and the architecture that suits one type of computing task doesn't necessarily fit all types of computing tasks. Edge computing has emerged as a viable and important architecture that supports distributed computing to deploy compute and storage resources closer to -- ideally in the same physical location as -- the data source. In general, distributed computing models are hardly new, and the concepts of remote offices, branch offices, data center colocation and cloud computing have a long and proven track record.

But decentralization can be challenging, demanding high levels of monitoring and control that are easily overlooked when moving away from a traditional centralized computing model. Edge computing has become relevant because it offers an effective solution to emerging network problems associated with moving enormous volumes of data that today's organizations produce and consume. It's not just a problem of amount. It's also a matter of time; applications depend on processing and responses that are increasingly time-sensitive.

Consider the rise of self-driving cars. They will depend on intelligent traffic control signals. Cars and traffic controls will need to produce, analyze and exchange data in real time. Multiply this requirement by huge numbers of autonomous vehicles, and the scope of the potential problems becomes clearer. This demands a fast and responsive network. Edge -- and fog-- computing addresses three principal network limitations: bandwidth, latency and congestion or reliability.

  • Bandwidth. Bandwidth is the amount of data which a network can carry over time, usually expressed in bits per second. All networks have a limited bandwidth, and the limits are more severe for wireless communication. This means that there is a finite limit to the amount of data -- or the number of devices -- that can communicate data across the network. Although it's possible to increase network bandwidth to accommodate more devices and data, the cost can be significant, there are still (higher) finite limits and it doesn't solve other problems.
  • Latency. Latency is the time needed to send data between two points on a network. Although communication ideally takes place at the speed of light, large physical distances coupled with network congestion or outages can delay data movement across the network. This delays any analytics and decision-making processes, and reduces the ability for a system to respond in real time. It even cost lives in the autonomous vehicle example.
  • Congestion. The internet is basically a global "network of networks." Although it has evolved to offer good general-purpose data exchanges for most everyday computing tasks -- such as file exchanges or basic streaming -- the volume of data involved with tens of billions of devices can overwhelm the internet, causing high levels of congestion and forcing time-consuming data retransmissions. In other cases, network outages can exacerbate congestion and even sever communication to some internet users entirely - making the internet of things useless during outages.

By deploying servers and storage where the data is generated, edge computing can operate many devices over a much smaller and more efficient LAN where ample bandwidth is used exclusively by local data-generating devices, making latency and congestion virtually nonexistent. Local storage collects and protects the raw data, while local servers can perform essential edge analytics -- or at least pre-process and reduce the data -- to make decisions in real time before sending results, or just essential data, to the cloud or central data center.

 

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