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الكيمياء الصناعية | Chemistry Is Everywhere: Esters, Fragrances, and Flavorings |
 1501
 06:51 مساءً
date: 14-12-2020 |
Author : University of Missouri System 
Book or Source : Organic Chemistry ii 
Page and Part : .................|
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Date: 2-11-2019
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Esters are very interesting compounds, in part because many have pleasant odours and flavours. (Remember, never taste anything in the chemistry lab!) Many esters occur naturally and contribute to the fragrance of flowers and the taste of fruits. Other esters are synthesized industrially and are added to food products to improve their smell or taste. It is likely that if you eat a product whose ingredients include artificial flavourings, those flavourings are esters. Here are some esters and their uses, thanks to their odours, flavours, or both:
| Ester | Tastes/Smells Like | Ester | Tastes/Smells Like | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| allyl hexanoate | pineapple | isobutyl formate | raspberry | |
| benzyl acetate | pear | isobutyl acetate | pear | |
| butyl butanoate | pineapple | methyl phenylacetate | honey | |
| ethyl butanoate | banana | nonyl caprylate | orange | |
| ethyl hexanoate | pineapple | pentyl acetate | apple | |
| ethyl heptanoate | apricot | propyl ethanoate | pear | |
| ethyl pentanoate | apple | propyl isobutyrate | rum |
Finally, the ether functional group is an O atom that is bonded to two organic groups:
R—O—R′
The two R groups may be the same or different. Naming ethers is like the alternate way of naming ketones. In this case, the R groups are named sequentially, and the word ether is appended. The molecule CH3OCH3 is dimethyl ether, while CH3OCH2CH3 is methyl ethyl ether. Diethyl ether, another ether, was once used as an anesthetic, but its flammability and toxicity caused it to fall out of favor. Smaller ether molecules that are liquids at room temperature are common solvents for organic chemical reactions.
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"عادة ليلية" قد تكون المفتاح للوقاية من الخرف
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ممتص الصدمات: طريقة عمله وأهميته وأبرز علامات تلفه
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المجمع العلمي للقرآن الكريم يقيم جلسة حوارية لطلبة جامعة الكوفة
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