Paradox

A statement which appears self-contradictory or contrary to expectations, also known as an antinomy. Curry (1977, p. 5) uses the term pseudoparadox to describe an apparent paradox for which, however, there is no underlying actual contradiction. Bertrand Russell classified known logical paradoxes into seven categories.

Ball and Coxeter (1987) give several examples of geometrical paradoxes.

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REFERENCES

Ball, W. W. R. and Coxeter, H. S. M. Mathematical Recreations and Essays, 13th ed. New York: Dover, pp. 84-86, 1987.

Bunch, B. Mathematical Fallacies and Paradoxes. New York: Dover, 1982.Carnap, R. Introduction to Symbolic Logic and Its Applications. New York: Dover, 1958.

Church, A. "Paradoxes, Logical." In The Dictionary of Philosophy, rev. enl. ed. (Ed. D. D. Runes). New York: Rowman and Littlefield, p. 224, 1984.

Curry, H. B. Foundations of Mathematical Logic. New York: Dover, 1977.

Czyz, J. Paradoxes of Measures and Dimensions Originating in Felix Hausdorff's Ideas. Singapore: World Scientific, 1994.

Erickson, G. W. and Fossa, J. A. Dictionary of Paradox. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998.

Kasner, E. and Newman, J. R. "Paradox Lost and Paradox Regained." In Mathematics and the Imagination. Redmond, WA: Tempus Books, pp. 193-222, 1989.

Northrop, E. P. Riddles in Mathematics: A Book of Paradoxes. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand, 1944.

O'Beirne, T. H. Puzzles and Paradoxes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.Quine, W. V. "Paradox." Sci. Amer. 206, 84-96, Apr. 1962.

Székely, G. J. Paradoxes in Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, rev. ed. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, 1986.

مواضيع ذات صلة

Lemma

Proof

Zeno,s Paradoxes

Unexpected Hanging Paradox

Strange Loop

Sorites Paradox

Simpson,s Paradox

Russell,s Antinomy

Newcomb,s Paradox

Missing Dollar Paradox

Line Point Picking

Liar,s Paradox