The Michael Reaction

Conjugative addition of carbon nucleophiles to unsaturated esters, ketones, nitriles, sulfones and other activated double bonds is a useful synthetic method known as the Michael reaction. In combination with alkylations and condensations, the Michael reaction may be used to construct a wide variety of complex molecules from relatively simple starting materials. The carbon nucleophiles used in the following examples include cyanide ion, sodium diethylmalonate and the conjugate base of cyclohexane-1,3-dione. These anions are sufficiently stable that their addition reactions may be presumed reversible. If this is so, the thermodynamic argument used for hetero-nucleophile additions would apply here as well, and would indicate preferential formation of 1,4-addition products. Cyanide addition does not always follow this rule, and aldehydes often give 1,2-products (cyanohydrins). In each case the initial reaction is a Michael addition, and the new carbon-carbon bond is colored magenta. Any subsequent bonds that are formed by other reactions are colored orange.

مواضيع ذات صلة

تفاعلات البروبان الحلقي

تفاعلات المركبات الحلقية

تحضير الهكسان الحلقي

تحضير البنتان الحلقي ومشتقاته

تحضير البيوتان الحلقي ومشتقاته

تحضير البروبان الحلقي ومشتقاته

Curtius Rearrangement

Hofmann Elimination

Hofmann rearrangement

Preparation of acyl chlorides

Synthesis of banana oil

Preparation of esters by Fischer esterification