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The Problem of Evil is One of the major arguments proposed against the existence of Allah in contemporary western philosophy. It is based upon the inability to reconcile the magnitude of evil in the world with the all-loving nature of Allah. John Hick describes the problem from the perspective of its proponent: "If Allah is perfectly loving, Allah must wish to abolish all evil; and if Allah is all-powerful, Allah must be able to abolish all evil. But evil exists; therefore, Allah cannot be both omnipotent and perfectly loving." This thus causes difficulty for the Judeo-Christian-Islamic Allah who possess both qualities of being all-loving and omnipotent. David Hume is a proponent of this view and argues that the sheer amount of evil, which may outweigh the good, in the world makes dubious that a deity exists.
The main response to this kind of an argument is known as the free-will defense. It is based on the premise that for Allah to create self-directly and independent agents like humans, he had to grant a certain amount of freedom to them, and this freedom would inevitably result in human-to-human evil. It has been proposed that there need not be a contradiction between Allah creating morally free agents and making it the case that all their actions turn out to be good.
But it can be argued that in that case, are the beings really as free as humans? If all our actions were predestined in this way, there would be a sense in which we would not be free and only an allusion be created thereof. Although Allah could have created beings of this sort, they would have amounted to mere puppets and not vibrant beings as envisioned by Allah.
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