Read More
Date: 29-1-2021
1683
Date: 26-10-2015
2136
Date: 22-10-2015
2025
|
Beer-making
Beer is made by fermentation of grains, principally barley (Hordeum vul- gare). Other grains, including wheat and rice, may be added to develop particular flavors. The grain is first allowed to germinate by soaking it in water. As part of its germination process, the grain produces amylase enzymes that break down the starches of the endosperm (part of the seed) into sugars.
At a certain point, germination is halted by rapidly drying the grain, in a process called kilning, to produce “malt.” More prolonged kilning produces a darker beer. The malt is then ground and mixed with more water to reactivate the amylases and complete the liberation of the sugars.
The resin-filled flowers of the hops plant (Humulus lupulus, Cannabi- naceae family), are added for aroma and bitter flavor, and the mixture is boiled to bring out the flavor. Boiling also kills unwanted microorganisms that might spoil the fermentation that follows. Yeast is then added to ferment the sugars to ethyl alcohol. Ales are made at room temperature using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas lagers use Saccharomyces uvarum at cooler temperatures. The final alcohol concentration of most beers is about 5 percent. Some beers are naturally carbonated by bottling before fermentation is complete, but most commercial beers require addition of carbon dioxide after fermentation.
Beer is probably the oldest of alcoholic beverages and has been made for thousands of years, at least as far back as classical Egyptian civilization of five thousand years ago. Modern beer styles originated in Germany, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom, which still claim production of some of the finest beers in the world.
References
Jackson, Michael. The New World Guide to Beer. Philadelphia, PA: Running Press, 1997.
|
|
صنع الذكريات والتفكير يدمر الدماغ.. دراسة تشرح السبب
|
|
|
|
|
بركان ينفت الذهب في أقصى جنوب الأرض.. ما القصة؟
|
|
|
|
خلال الأسبوع الحالي ستعمل بشكل تجريبي.. هيئة الصحة والتعليم الطبي في العتبة الحسينية تحدد موعد افتتاح مؤسسة الثقلين لعلاج الأورام في البصرة
|
|
على مساحة (1200) م2.. نسبة الإنجاز في مشروع تسقيف المخيم الحسيني المشرف تصل إلى (98%)
|
|
تضمنت مجموعة من المحاور والبرامج العلمية الأكاديمية... جامعتا وارث الأنبياء(ع) وواسط توقعان اتفاقية علمية
|
|
بالفيديو: بعد أن وجه بالتكفل بعلاجه بعد معاناة لمدة (12) عاما.. ممثل المرجعية العليا يستقبل الشاب (حسن) ويوصي بالاستمرار معه حتى يقف على قدميه مجددا
|