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Date: 27-9-2019
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Date: 12-7-2018
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Date: 29-8-2019
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The mechanism is catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base. Note! This may speed up the reaction but is has not effect on the equilibriums discussed above. Basic conditions speed up the reaction because hydroxide is a better nucleophilic than water. Acidic conditions speed up the reaction because the protonated carbonyl is more electrophilic.
1) Nucleophilic attack by hydroxide
2) Protonation of the alkoxide
1) Protonation of the carbonyl
2) Nucleophilic attack by water
3) Deprotonation
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لخفض ضغط الدم.. دراسة تحدد "تمارين مهمة"
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طال انتظارها.. ميزة جديدة من "واتساب" تعزز الخصوصية
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مشاتل الكفيل تزيّن مجمّع أبي الفضل العبّاس (عليه السلام) بالورد استعدادًا لحفل التخرج المركزي
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