Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
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Present Perfect
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Past
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Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
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Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
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Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
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Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
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Adverbs
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Numeral adjective
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Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
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Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
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Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
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Elementary
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Assessment
FREQUENCY2
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P117
2025-08-24
40
+
-
20
FREQUENCY2
The number of complete cycles achieved by a sound wave in a second. If a plucked violin string vibrates 400 times a second, the frequency of the sound it emits is measured as 400 cycles per second or 400 Hertz (Hz). If the string is tightened, it will vibrate more rapidly, and its frequency will increase. The result is that the pitch of the sound (its frequency as perceived by a listener) will also rise. However, there is not a simple relationship between pitch and frequency: the ear does not judge a sound of 1000 Hz to be twice as high as one of 500 Hz.
The range of frequencies handled by the human ear goes from about 250 to10,000 Hz. Most human conversation occupies a range of between 250 and 8000 Hz. But the frequency band may be narrowed in certain forms of speech transmission (e.g. the telephone), with the result that some of the cues to a particular phoneme may be missing. Especially affected is /s/.
Speech has a fundamental frequency which derives from the tension and speed of vibration of the vocal folds. Other cycles of the sound wave are multiples of this base value. Fundamental frequency or F0 is an important measure in that it serves as a base value for listeners, enabling them to detect pitch movements, which, in English, might mark sentence stress or intonation. Average F0 values vary from voice to voice. Male speakers often have thicker vocal folds than female, so a typical F0 for a man is lower (between 100 and 160 Hz) than that for a woman (200 Hz and above).
See also: Formant, Intelligibility, Speech signal
Further reading: Ball and Rahilly (1999); Denes and Pinson (1993); Gimson (1994); Pickett (1999)
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
