COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P62
2025-08-06
569
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
The study of human mental processes and their contribution to thinking, sensation and behaviour. The discipline is often traced back to Wundt, who founded a psychology laboratory in Leipzig in 1879. Wundt’s method was to ask subjects to perform a mental process, then report on the experience. This introspective approach produced inconsistent results. There was a strong reaction against it by psychologists who took an anti-mentalist stand, arguing that the mind was unknowable. They insisted that the only scientific source of data for psychology was human behaviour, which was observable in a way that mental processes were not. From this grew the movement known as behaviourism.
Another influential movement in the early twentieth century was led by the Gestalt group of psychologists, who investigated how the mind shapes our perceptions of the world. In particular, they examined how we perceive separate elements (e.g. dots on a page) as falling into groups and patterns.
Reaction against behaviourism came from an information processing approach developed in the 1950s which aims to chart the flow of information through the mind as a particular cognitive task is performed. It underpins much current thinking in cognitive psychology. From it has developed a view of much human rational behaviour as based upon problem-solving; this has especially informed research into the nature of expertise.
A recent movement in cognitive psychology has been connectionism, an attempt to model in computer programs the neural networks which form the basis of the operations of the brain.
See also: Behaviourism, Connectionism, Expertise, Gestalt Theory, Information processing
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
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