ASSOCIATION
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P23
2025-07-28
546
ASSOCIATION
An early experimental technique in psychology required subjects to look at or hear a word, then to report the word or words which first came to mind. The technique continues to provide evidence of how words are associated in the mind.
Subjects in word association tasks usually respond with a word that is connected to the stimulus by meaning rather than form. Words which rhyme with the stimulus (clang responses) are relatively rare. This suggests that meaning associations in the lexicon are stronger than those of phonological or graphological similarity. The meaning associations are usually based upon semantic groupings, not physical resemblance (needle associates with thread rather than with nail). There is also a tendency to choose a word in the same word class as the stimulus.
The three strongest types of association appear to be: co-ordination (salt and pepper), collocation (butterfly and net, salt and water) and superordination (butterfly and insect). However, co-hyponyms (butterfly and moth, red and green), synonyms (hungry and starving) and ‘opposites’ (hungry and thirsty) also feature.
Further evidence for the strength of certain associations comes from patients suffering from brain damage. When reading a word, they may substitute an associate: mauve for purple or sister for daughter.
See also: Lexicon, Semantic network, Spreading activation
Further reading: Aitchison (2003: Chap. 8)
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
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