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قم بتسجيل الدخول اولاً لكي يتسنى لك الاعجاب والتعليق.

Harary Index

المؤلف:  Devillers, J. and Balaban, A. T

المصدر:  Topological Indices and Related Descriptors in QSAR and QSPR. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Gordon and Breach

الجزء والصفحة:  ...

7-4-2022

3970

+

-

20

Harary Index

The Harary index of a graph G on n vertices was defined by Plavšić et al. (1993) as

 H(G)=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n(RD)_(ij),

(1)

where

 (RD)_(ij)=<span style={D_(ij)^(-1) if i!=j; 0 if i=j " src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/NumberedEquation2.svg" style="height:57px; width:160px" />

(2)

is the reciprocal of the graph distance matrix D (Plavšić et al. 1993; Devillers and Balaban, p. 80, 2000).

Some care is needed, since while some authors include the leading factor of 1/2 (e.g., Plavšić et al. 1993, Mercader et al. 2001), others omit it (e.g., Devillers and Balaban 1999, pp. 111 and 202).

Unless otherwise stated, hydrogen atoms are usually ignored in the computation of such indices as organic chemists usually do when they write a benzene ring as a hexagon (Devillers and Balaban 1999, p. 25).

The following table summarizes values of the Harary index for various special classes of graphs.

graph class OEIS H(G_1)H(G_2), ...
Andrásfai graph A000000/A000000 1, 15/2, 20, 77/2, 63, 187/2, 130, 345/2, 221, ...
antiprism graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 27/2, 22, 95/3, 42, 637/12, 194/3, 384/5, ...
Apollonian network A000000/A000000 6, 18, 80, 470, 3248, 122106/5, 3394391/20, 6406407/20, ...
bishop graph B_(n,n) A296197 0, 2, 13, 42, 102, 208, 379, 636, 1004, 1510, ...
black bishop graph BB_(n,n) A296198 0, 1, 8, 21, 55, 104, 197, 318, 514, 755, ...
cocktail party graph K_(n×2) A000000/A000000 0, 5, 27/2, 26, 85, 126, 175, 232, 297, 370, ...
complete bipartite graph K_(n,n) A000326 2, 5, 12, 44, 70, 102, 140, 184, ...
complete graph K_n A000217 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, ...
complete tripartite graph K_(n,n,n) A000000/A000000 3, 27/2, 63, 114, 180, 261, ...
2n-crossed prism graph A000000/A000000 58/3, 39, 368/3, 514/3, 1116/5, 4166/15, 35128/105, ...
crown graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 10, 58/3, 95/3, 47, 196/3, 260/3, 111, 415/3, ...
cube-connected cycle graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 556/5, 57376/105, 162634/63, 34149904/3003, ...
cycle graph C_n A160046/A160047 X, X, 3, 5, 15/2, 10, 77/6, 47/3, 75/4, 131/6, ...
Fibonacci cube graph A000000/A000000 1, 5/2, 22/3, 71/4, 216/5, 1219/12, 25033/105, ...
folded cube graph A000000/A000000 X, 1, 6, 22, 80, 808/3, 2800/3, 9488/3, 11072, ...
gear graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 29/2, 133/6, 125/4, 167/4, 161/3, 67, 327/4, ...
grid graph P_n square P_n A296191/A296192 0, 5, 133/6, 293/5, 3399/28, 137111/630, 140351/396, ...
grid graph P_n square P_n square P_n A000000/A000000 0, 58/3, 2402/15, 30617/45, 7168769/3465, ...
halved cube graph A290347/A290348 0, 1, 6, 26, 100, 1096/3, 3920/3, 13936/3, 16544, ...
Hanoi graph A000000/A000000 3, 22, 4276/35, 1835837/3003, 175359949924361/60168147039, ...
helm graph A000000/A000000 29/2, 133/6, 125/4, 167/4, 161/3, 67, 327/4, ...
hypercube graph Q_n A290343/A290344 1, 5, 58/3, 206/3, 3548/15, 12136/15, 291824/105, ...
Keller graph K_n A296189 0, 80, 1552, 27264, 460544, 7634944, ...
king graph Ki_(n,n) A144945 0, 6, 28, 76, 160, 290, 476, 728, 1056, 1470, ...
knight graph Kn_(n,n) A000000/A000000 0, 0, 47/3, 309/5, 150, 1769/6, 7724/15, 24733/30, ...
Menger sponge graph A000000/A000000 1147/15, 207460203161/19684665, ...
Möbius ladder A000000/A000000 X, X, 12, 20, 85/3, 38, 287/6, 176/3, 348/5, 244/3, ...
Mycielski graph A296193/A000000 0, 1, 15/2, 75/2, 162, 1317/2, 2610, 20505/2, 40212, ...
odd graph O_n A000000 0, 3, 30, 280, 2730, 57057/2, 635635/2, ...
pan graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 5, 22/3, 61/6, 155/12, 16, 571/30, 1339/60, ...
path graph P_n A160048/A160049 0, 2, 5, 26/3, 77/6, 87/5, 223/10, 962/35, ...
permutation star graph PS_n A296190/A296057 0, 1, 10, 123, 2202, 59040, 2287680, 121394000, ...
prism graph Y_n A000000/A000000 X, X, 12, 58/3, 85/3, 75/2, 287/6, 874/15, ...
queen graph Q_(n,n) A296196 0, 6, 32, 98, 230, 460, 826, 1372, 2148, 3210, ...
rook complement graph K_n square K_n^_ A092364 0, 2, 27, 96, 250, 540, 1029, 1792, 2916, 4500, ...
rook graph K_n square K_n A085740 X, 5, 54, 168, 400, 810, 1470, 2464, 3888, 5850, ...
Sierpiński carpet graph A000000/A000000 47/3, 23255059/51480, ...
Sierpiński sieve graph A000000/A000000 3, 12, 227/4, 5553/20, 161390213/120120, ...
Sierpiński tetrahedron graph A000000/A000000 6, 69/2, 1055/4, 599803/280, 279423163/16016, ...
star graph S_n A160050/A130658 0, 1, 5/2, 9/2, 7, 10, 27/2, 35/2, 22, 27, ...
sun graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 10, 97/6, 95/4, 158/5, 2429/60, 743/15, ...
sunlet graph C_n circledot K_1 A000000/A000000 X, X, 10, 97/3, 95/2, 316/5, 2429/30, 1486/15, 594/5, ...
tetrahedral graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 415/3, 2345/6, 2800/3, 1981, 3850, 6985, 11990, ...
torus grid graph C_n square C_n A000000/A000000 X, X, 27, 206/3, 875/6, 1287/5, 12691/30, 66964/105, ...
transposition graph A296194 0, 1, 12, 162, 3010, 81000, 3105396, 162469104, ...
triangular graph A000000/A000000 X, 0, 3, 27/2, 75/2, 165/2, 315/2, 273, 441, 675, 990, ...
triangular grid graph A027480 3, 12, 30, 60, 105, 168, 252, 360, 495, 660, ...
web graph A000000/A000000 X, X, 45/2, 217/6, 635/12, 703/10, 1799/20, 110, ...
wheel graph W_n A000000/A000000 6, 9, 25/2, 33/2, 21, 26, 63/2, 75/2, 44, 51, 117/2, ...
white bishop graph WB_(n,n) A296200 1, 5, 21, 47, 104, 182, 318, 490, 755, ...

Closed forms for some special classes are summarized in the following table. Here, H_n is a harmonic number, C_n is a Catalan number, Phi(z,s,a) is a Lerch transcendent, _pF_q is a generalized hypergeometric function, and s(n,m) is a Stirling number of the first kind.

graph Harary index
Andrásfai graph 1/2(3n-1)(2n-1)
antiprism graph <span style={2(2nH_(n/2-1)+3) for n even; 2n(2H_((n-1)/2)+1/(n+1)) for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline38.svg" style="height:72px; width:334px" />
bishop graph B_(n,n) 1/(48)[6n^4+16n^3-36n^2+8n+3-3(-1)^n]
black bishop graph BB_(n,n) 1/(96)[6n^4+16n^3-30n^2+20n-15-3(-1)^n(2n^2+4n-5)]
cocktail party graph K_(n×2) 1/2n(4n-3)
complete bipartite graph K_(m,n) 1/4(m^2+n^2-m-n)+mn
complete bipartite graph K_(n,n) 1/2n(3n-1)
complete graph K_n 1/2n(n-1)
complete tripartite graph K_(n,n,n) 3/4n(5n-1)
2n-crossed prism graph (8H_(n-1)-1/3)n+4
crown graph K_2 square K_n^_ 1/6n(9n-7)
cycle graph C_n 1/2(1+(-1)^n)+nH_(|_(n-1)/2_|)
empty graph K^__n 0
gear graph G_n 1/(24)n(17n+65)
grid graph P_n square P_n 1/3n(2n+1)[(2n-1)(H_(n-3/2)-H_n+2ln2)-n+2]
  =1/3n(2n+1)[(2n-1)(dlnC_(n+1))/(dn)-n+2]
halved cube graph 1/2Q_n -2^(n-1)H_n-2^(2n-1)R[Phi(2,1,n+1)]
helm graph 1/(24)n(17n+65)
hypercube graph Q_n 2^(n-1)n_3F_2(1,1,1-n;2,1;-1)
Keller graph <span style={0 for n=1; 4^n[4^n-1/2(3^n+n+1)]/2 otherwise" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline70.svg" style="height:72px; width:396px" />
king graph Ki_(n,n) 1/3(n-1)n(5n-1)
Möbius ladder M_n <span style={n(4H_(n/2)-1) for n even; n(4H_((n-1)/2)-(n-3)/(n+1)) for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline74.svg" style="height:72px; width:315px" />
Mycielski graph M_n <span style={0 for n=1; 1/(48)(36-452^n+283^(n-1)+274^(n-1)) otherwise" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline76.svg" style="height:72px; width:449px" />
pan graph <span style={(n+2)H_(n/2)+2/(n+1) for n even; (n+2)H_((n-1)/2)+4/(n+1)-1 for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline77.svg" style="height:74px; width:368px" />
path graph P_n n(H_n-1)
prism graph Y_n <span style={4(nH_(n/2-1)-1/(n+2)+2)-n for n even; n(H_((n-1)/2)-(n-3)/(n+1)) for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline81.svg" style="height:76px; width:369px" />
queen graph Q_(n,n) 1/(12)(n-1)n(3n^2+13n-2)
rook complement graph K_n square K_n^_ 1/2(n-1)n^3
rook graph K_n square K_n 1/4(n-1)n^2(n+3)
star graph S_n 1/4(n+2)(n-1)
sun graph 1/6n(7n+3)
sunlet graph C_n circledot K_1 <span style={4nH_(n/2-1)-(5n)/2-8/(n+2)-4/(n+4)+12 for n even; 4nH_((n-1)/2)-(5n)/2-6/(n+1)-6/(n+3)+8 for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline92.svg" style="height:76px; width:435px" />
tetrahedral graph 1/(432)(n-3)(n-2)(n-1)n(2n^2+9n+40)
torus grid graph C_n square C_n <span style={1/2n[4n^2(H_(n-1)-H_(n/2))+4n-3] for n even; 2n^3(H_(n-1)-H_((n-1)/2)) for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline95.svg" style="height:74px; width:454px" />
transposition graph 1/2sum_(k=1)^(n-1)((-1)^ks(n,n-k))/k
triangular graph 1/(16)(n-2)(n-1)n(n+5)
triangular grid graph 1/2n(n+1)(n+2)
web graph <span style={9nH_(n/2-1)-6n-(20)/(n+2)-(12)/(n+4)+29 for n even; 9nH_((n-1)/2)-(2n(3n^2+2n-15))/((n+1)(n+3)) for n odd" src="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/equations/HararyIndex/Inline99.svg" style="height:82px; width:432px" />
wheel graph W_n 1/4(n-1)(n+4)
white bishop graph WB_(n,n) 1/(96)[6n^4+16n^3-42n^2-4n+21+3(-1)^n(2n^2+4n-7)]

REFERENCES

Devillers, J. and Balaban, A. T. (Eds.). Topological Indices and Related Descriptors in QSAR and QSPR. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Gordon and Breach, pp. 40, 111, 202, and 227, 1999.

Diudea, M. V.; Ivanciuc, T.; Nikolić, S.; and Trinajstić, N. "Matrices of Reciprocal Distance, Polynomials and Derived Numbers." MATCH (Commun. Math. Comput. Chem.) 35, 41-64, 1997.

Ivanciuc, O.; Balaban, T.-S.; and Balaban, A. T. "Design of Topological Indices. Part 4. Reciprocal Distance Matrix, Related Local Vertex Invariants and Topological Indices." J. Math. Chem. 12, 309-318, 1993.

Mercader, E.; Castro, E. A.; and Toropov, A. A. "Maximum Topological Distances Based Indices as Molecular Descriptors for QSPR. 4. Modeling the Enthalpy of Formation of Hydrocarbons from Elements." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2, 121-132, 2001.

Mihalić, Z. and Trinajstić, N. "A Graph Theoretical Approach to Structure-Property Relationships." J. Chem. Educ. 69, 701-712, 1992.

Plavšić, D.; Nikolić, S.; Trinajstić, N.; and Mihalić, Z. "On the Harary Index for the Characterization of Chemical Graphs." J. Math. Chem. 12, 235-250, 1993.

Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A000217, A160046, A160047, A160048, A160049, A160050, A290343, A290344, A290347, and A290348 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

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