Empire Problem
المؤلف:
Frederickson, G. N
المصدر:
Hinged Dissections: Swinging & Twisting. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
الجزء والصفحة:
...
27-3-2022
1906
Empire Problem
The empire problem, also known as the 
-pire problem) asks for the maximum number of colors needed to color countries such that no two countries sharing a common border have the same color (this is the usual four-color theorem) in the case where each country consists of 
disjoint regions. Heawood (1890) showed that 
colors are sufficient, and for the case 
, 12 colors are also necessary (Gardner 1997; Frederickson 2002, pp. 31-32).
REFERENCES
Frederickson, G. N. Hinged Dissections: Swinging & Twisting. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Gardner, M. The Last Recreations: Hydras, Eggs, and Other Mathematical Mystifications. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Heawood, P. J. "Map Colour Theorems." Quart. J. Pure Appl. Math. 24, 332-338, 1890.
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