α- Substituent
  R- (Alkyl Group)   +10 nm
  Cl- (Chloro Group)   +15
  Br- (Chloro Group)   +25
  HO- (Hydroxyl Group)   +35
  RO- (Alkoxyl Group)   +35
  RCO₂- (Acyl Group)   +6
β- Substituent
  R- (Alkyl Group)   +12 nm
  Cl- (Chloro Group)   +12
  Br- (Chloro Group)   +30
  HO- (Hydroxyl Group)   +30
  RO- (Alkoxyl Group)   +30
  RCO₂- (Acyl Group)   +6
  RS- (Sulfide Group)   +85
  R₂N- (Amino Group)   +95
γ & δ- Substituents
  R- (Alkyl Group)   +18 nm (both γ & δ)
  HO- (Hydroxyl Group)   +50 nm (γ)
  RO- (Alkoxyl Group)   +30 nm (γ)

Further π -Conjugation

 C=C (Double Bond)   ...   +30
 C₆H₅ (Phenyl Group) ...   +60

(i) Each exocyclic double bond adds 5 nm. In the example on the right, there are two exo-double bond components: one to ring A and the other to ring B.
(ii) Homoannular cyclohexadiene component adds +35 nm (ring atoms must be counted separately as substituents)
(iii) Solvent Correction: water = –8; methanol/ethanol = 0; ether = +7; hexane/cyclohexane = +11