Starch

 is a polymer of glucose, found in roots, rhizomes, seeds, stems, tubers and corms of plants, as microscopic granules having characteristic shapes and sizes. Most animals, including humans, depend on these plant starches for nourishment. The structure of starch is more complex than that of cellulose. The intact granules are insoluble in cold water, but grinding or swelling them in warm water causes them to burst.
The released starch consists of two fractions. About 20% is a water soluble material called amylose. Molecules of amylose are linear chains of several thousand glucose units joined by alpha C-1 to C-4 glycoside bonds. Amylose solutions are actually dispersions of hydrated helical micelles. The majority of the starch is a much higher molecular weight substance, consisting of nearly a million glucose units, and called amylopectin.

Hydrolysis of starch, usually by enzymatic reactions, produces a syrupy liquid consisting largely of glucose. When cornstarch is the feedstock, this product is known as corn syrup. It is widely used to soften texture, add volume, prohibit crystallization and enhance the flavor of foods.
Glycogen is the glucose storage polymer used by animals. It has a structure similar to amylopectin, but is even more highly branched (about every tenth glucose unit). The degree of branching in these polysaccharides may be measured by enzymatic or chemical analysis.

مواضيع ذات صلة

تصنيف الكاربوهيدرات classification of carbohydrate

تعريف الكاربوهيدرات Definition of carbohydrates

دورة الكلايوكسليت Glyoxylate cycle

أيض الكاربوهيدرات

أصناف الكاربوهيدرات Classification of carbohydrates

الكاربوهيدرات

فرط كيتون الجسم هو تلاؤم ايضي تجاه الجوع

يتوفر للأنسجة مصدر مستمر من الوقود خلال الجوع

الجلوكوز هو ضرورة ايضية للمخ والكريات الحمراء في جميع الحالات التغذوية

ان الاستعمال الامثل للأجسام الكيتونية والاحماض الدهنية الحرة يوفر الجلوكوز من اجل وظائفه الاساسية

الجلوكوز هو طليعة جميع السكاكر الآمينية (الهكسوزأمينات)

يترافق وجود الفركتوز والسوربيتول في عدسة العض مع الساد (Cataract) السكري