4:30:9 
2023-08-25 
501
The ruler, in his capacity as the pioneer of national development and civilization, enjoys definite rights imposed upon the subjects. In the following words, Amir ul-Mu’minin (a) refers to the rights of the rulers: The ruled cannot prosper unless the rulers are sound, while the rulers cannot be sound unless the ruled are steadfast. If the ruled fulfil the rights of the ruler and the ruler fulfils their rights, then right attains the position of honor among them, the ways of religion become established, signs of justice become fixed and the Sunna gains currency.
In this way time will improve, the continuance of government will be expected, and the aims of the enemies will be frustrated. But if the ruled gain sway over the ruler, or the ruler oppresses the ruled, then difference crops up in every word, signs of oppression appear, mischief enters religion and the ways of the Sunna are forsaken. Then desires are acted upon, the commands (of religion) are discarded, diseases of the spirit become numerous and there is no hesitation in disregarding even great rights, nor in committing big wrongs. In such circumstances, the virtuous are humiliated while the vicious are honored, and there are serious chastisements from Allah on the people.
(1) Obedience:
Rulers enjoy the right of obedience against their subjects in the fields that achieve the satisfaction of God. Obedience encourages rulers to treat their subjects sincerely while rebellion and disappointment are detestable manners that excite the rulers’ rage and punishment. Imam al-Kadhim said: O Shia, do not humiliate yourselves by acting disobediently to the rulers. You should pray to Allah to perpetuate the just rulers and rectify the unjust. Your rectification will be achieved when your rulers are rectified. The just ruler is as same as the compassionate father. Hence, you should love for him that which you love for yourselves and reject for him that which you reject for yourselves.
(2) Support
A ruler cannot dispense with the support of his subjects who help him do his duties properly by means of intellectual and mental efforts.
(3) Advice
People of reason are encompassed by the duty of providing advice to the rulers when they tend to despotism enthralling the subjects. If such advice proves futility, then the intellectuals are not blamed. The Prophet (s) said: The ruler is Allah’s shadow on this earth and the shelter of the wronged. If the ruler governs with justice, he will be rewarded and the subjects must thank him. If the ruler governs unjustly, he will be punished and the subjects must show tolerance until they are relieved. Nowadays, the rulers have no longer accepted advice; therefore, civilized governments have permitted criticizing the rulers by way of parliaments, press media, and memoranda.
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