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2023-04-04 
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The changes in temperatures, the changes in food availability and the need to mate, among other factors, make many animals move to other areas, that is, migrate. In zoology, migration is the periodic journey, which animals do from time to time, to reach areas where they can meet their needs.
Most species of penguins usually migrate, among them, the Emperror Penguin has the most incredible migration trip. In general, in the case of penguins, the reason is mainly related to changes in temperatures. When the days become shorter in the south pole, algae and phytoplankton cannot perform photosynthesis in a normal way, and the organisms that consume them, such as krill, become scarce. Since krill is the principal food for some species of penguins, they have to move to regions where the days are still long to find food in other coastal waters.
Other species need to travel because the ice and snow begin to cover both water and land at excessive levels, making the Antarctic habitat a difficult place to survive during the winter, except for the emperor penguin. As the cold becomes unbearable and the food scarce, penguins have no choice but use their fins and travel north. In the case of the emperor penguins, their migration meets the need to reach nesting areas in the south, places that they visit year after year to mate and lay their eggs. When a young penguin has acquired enough strength, it leaves its native colony and usually goes miles away, until the next breeding season when it returns to the same place where it was born to form a new family.
All penguin species have migrating skills, but not all do it. As a rule of thumb, as far as they are from the equator, the more likely is that they migrate. Also, if the conditions permit, they prefer to stay where they are. For example, among the two subspecies of the gentoo penguins, one of them, the northern, usually remain in the colony during the whole year, while the southern, that nests in the Antarctic Peninsula, has to travel to the North during the harsh winters.
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