The reason Omicron has caused global alarm is due to the number of new mutation throughout the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID.
This data, coupled with real world data on the rapid rise in Omicron cases in South Africa, prompted the WHO to designate Omicron a “variant of concern” on November 26.
Omicron has now been detected in several other countries around the world.
Individually, some of these mutations have been associated with resistance to neutralising antibodies. In other words, these mutations help the virus evade recognition by an immune system primed with a COVID-19 vaccine.
Some of these individual mutations have also been linked with increased transmissibility of the virus from one person to another.
However, Omicron has many unique mutations. For instance, on the spike protein, the protein used in many current vaccines, Omicron has about 30 mutations compared with the virus that came out of Wuhan. Delta has only ten mutations in its spike protein. So you get an idea of the scale of change.
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