Innovations

/v/ > /b/

Most words of English origin in the Suriname creoles which had a /v/-sound replace this with a stop. This change is probably rather an innovation of the pidgin precursor of the Suriname creoles, since items from Gbe languages and Kikoongo which contained a /v/-sound retain this in Ndyuka and Saramaccan, and have altered this to /f/ in modern Sranan. This last appears to be a nineteenth century change, however.

The same change is recessive in other English-lexifier creoles of the Atlantic region.