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Date: 29-6-2020
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Date: 23-6-2019
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Date: 9-7-2020
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Estimation of Shielding: Slater Rules
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Figure 1 : Graphical depiction of Slaters rules with shielding constants indicated.
Shielding happens when electrons in lower valence shells (or the same valence shell) provide a repulsive force to valence electrons, thereby negating some of the attractive force from the positive nucleus. Ele
ctrons really close to the atom (n-2 or lower) pretty much just look like protons, so they completely negate. As electrons get closer to the electron of interest, some more complex interactions happen that reduce this shielding.
Group | Other electrons in the same group | Electrons in group(s) with principal quantum number n and azimuthal quantum number < l | Electrons in group(s) with principal quantum number n-1 | Electrons in all group(s) with principal quantum number < n-1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[1s] | 0.30 | - | - | - |
[ns,np] | 0.35 | - | 0.85 | 1 |
[nd] or [nf] | 0.35 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
The shielding numbers in Table 1 were derived semi-empirically (i.e., derived from experiments) as opposed to theoretical calculations.
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دراسة: عدم ترتيب الغرفة قد يدل على مشاكل نفسية
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علماء: تغير المناخ تسبب في ارتفاع الحرارة خلال موسم الحج
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بمشاركة أكثر من 5000 طالب المجمع العلمي يختتم مشروع الدورات القرآنية الصيفية في الديوانية
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