POLYESTER FIBERS

Polyesters are the most important class of synthetic fibers. In general, polyesters are produced by an esterification reaction of a diol and a diacid. Carothers (1930) was the first to try to synthesize a polyester fiber by reacting an aliphatic diacid with a diol. The polymers were not suitable because of their low melting points. However, he was successful in preparing the first synthetic fiber (nylon 66). In 1946, Whinfield and Dickson prepared the first polyester polymer by using terephthalic acid (an aromatic diacid) and ethylene glycol.

Polyesters can be produced by an esterification of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, a transesterification of an ester of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, or by the reaction between an acid dichloride and a diol.

The polymerization reaction could be generally represented by the esterification of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol as:

Less important methods are the self condensation of w-hydroxy acid and the ring opening of lactones and cyclic esters. In self condensation of whydroxy acids, cyclization might compete seriously with linear polymerization, especially when the hydroxyl group is in a position to give five or six membered lactones.

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الأسموزية والديلزة Osmosis and dialysis

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