Embodiment and conceptual structure summary

This chapter has explored two guiding principles of cognitive semantics: (1) the thesis that conceptual structure derives from embodied experience; and (2) the thesis that semantic structure reflects conceptual structure. Conceptual structure is the cognitive system that represents and organises experience in a form that can serve as the input for processes like reasoning and expression in language. Semantic structure is the system wherein concepts are conventionally encoded in a form in which they can be externalised by language. The first part of the chapter focused on the relationship between embodied experience and conceptual structure, and introduced the theory of image schemas. Image schemas are relatively abstract representations that derive from our everyday interaction with and observation of the world around us. These experiences give rise to embodied representations that, in part, underpin conceptual structure. The second part of the chapter addressed the relationship between conceptual structure and semantic structure, and introduced Talmy’s theory of the conceptual system. On the basis of evidence from linguistic representation, conceptual structure can be divided into two systems, the conceptual structuring system and the conceptual content system. While the conceptual structuring system provides structural or schematic information relating to a particular scene, the conceptual content system pro vides the rich content or detail. Talmy argues that the conceptual structuring system can be divided into a number of schematic systems which together serve to provide the structure or ‘scaffolding’ for the rich content provided by the conceptual content system. Crucially, the nature of these schematic systems relates to fundamental aspects of embodied sensory-perceptual experience, such as how referents and scenes encoded in language are structured, the perspective taken with respect to such scenes, how attention is directed within scenes and force-dynamics properties. In sum, both the open-class and closed class semantic systems reflect and encode fundamental aspects of embodied experience, mediated by conceptual structure.

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مواضيع ذات صلة

Problems with the dictionary view

The dictionary view

Dictionaries versus encyclopaedias

The encyclopaedic view of meaning

Schematic systems

Semantic structure

Conceptual structure

Image schemas and abstract thought

Properties of image schemas

What is an image schema?

Image schemas

Embodiment and conceptual structure