Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations Conclusion
المؤلف:
PAUL R. KROEGER
المصدر:
Analyzing Grammar An Introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
P62-C4
2025-12-15
26
Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations Conclusion
The elements of a simple clause (aside from the predicate itself) can be classified as either arguments or adjuncts. Arguments are those elements which are “selected” by the verb; they are required or permitted by certain predicates, but not by others. In order to be expressed grammatically, arguments must be assigned a Grammatical Relation within the clause. The Grammatical Relation of an argument, which is determined on the basis of morphological and syntactic properties, is not the same as its semantic role, which is determined by the meaning of the verb.
We have identified two basic classes of Grammatical Relations, obliques vs. terms (or direct arguments). These two classes are distinguished on the basis of grammatical properties. Terms (i.e. SUBJ, OBJ, OBJ2) play an active role in a wide variety of syntactic constructions, while obliques are relatively inert. This classification of clausal elements is summarized in the following diagram:
We will explore these ideas further. Before we move on, however, a word of warning is in order concerning the use of the term “predicate.” In traditional grammars, the term “predicate” is frequently used to refer to everything in a clause that is not part of the subject. We use the term in a quite different way: a predicate is a semantic element which names a property or relation involving some fixed number of arguments.
Strictly speaking, we should distinguish between predicates, which are abstract semantic entities, and the words (linguistic entities) which express them in a particular language. However, we will allow some slippage here. For example, We have followed common usage among linguists by talking about the arguments of the verbs, rather than of the predicates which they represent. Where there is any danger of confusion, we will try to be more precise.
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