Other inorganic hydrogen-storage materials
المؤلف:
Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong
المصدر:
Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry ,5th E
الجزء والصفحة:
641
2025-10-13
263
Other inorganic hydrogen-storage materials
Key point: High surface area and porous inorganic compounds can adsorb high levels of hydrogen gas. Physisorption on to the surface of very high surface area materials, including any internal pores, offers high hydrogen-storage capacities. However, these high values may be reached only by cooling the system or use of very high pressures, neither of which may be applicable to eventual applications. Some inorganic systems currently being studied include metal alloys that have been templated by using zeolites, inorganic clathrates, and metal-organo frameworks (MOFs, Section 24.13b), all of which have highly porous structures formed from relatively light elements. Carbon in its various forms is also being studied as a hydrogen-storage material. Graphite itself in a nanostructure form (Section 25.7) adsorbs 7.4 mass per cent hydrogen under 1 MPa (10 bar) of hydrogen, although more typically activated carbon/graphite materials develop surface monolayers equivalent to 1.5 to 2 per cent hydrogen by mass. Carbon nanotubes (Section 25.7), with their curved surfaces, tend to show enhanced adsorption of hydrogen in comparison with graphite sheets, with reported values of up to 8 per cent by mass at 77 K. Zeolites (Section 24.12) have also been proposed as possible hydrogen-storage materials and many of the different topologies have been studied. The best framework types include faujasites (FAU, zeolites X and Y), zeolite A (LTA), and chabazite, with maximum capacities of between 2.5 and 2.0 per cent hydrogen by mass.
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