Acidic and basic oxides
المؤلف:
Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong
المصدر:
Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry ,5th E
الجزء والصفحة:
126
2025-08-24
452
Acidic and basic oxides
Key points: Metallic elements typically form basic oxides; nonmetallic elements typically form acidic oxides. An acidic oxide is an oxide that, on dissolution in water, binds an H2O molecule and releases a proton to the surrounding solvent:
An equivalent interpretation is that an acidic oxide is an oxide that reacts with an aqueous base (an alkali):
Abasic oxide is an oxide to which a proton is transferred when it dissolves in water:
The equivalent interpretation in this case is that a basic oxide is an oxide that reacts with an acid:
Because acidic and basic oxide character often correlates with other chemical properties, a wide range of properties can be predicted from a knowledge of the character of oxides. In a number of cases the correlations follow from the basic oxides being largely ionic and of acidic oxides being largely covalent. For instance, an element that forms an acidic oxide is likely to form volatile, covalent halides. By contrast, an element that forms a basic oxide is likely to form solid, ionic halides. In short, the acidic or basic character of an oxide is a chemical indication of whether an element should be regarded as a metal or a nonmetal. Generally, metals form basic oxides and nonmetals form acidic oxides.
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