Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
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Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
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Countable and uncountable nouns
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Singular and Plural nouns
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Nouns gender
Nouns definition
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Definition Of Nouns
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Quantitative adjective
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Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
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Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
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Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
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Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
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Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
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Interjections
Express calling interjection
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Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
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Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
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Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
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Reported speech
Linguistics
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pragmatics
History
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Grammar
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Sense relations
المؤلف:
David Hornsby
المصدر:
Linguistics A complete introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
184-9
2023-12-26
619
Sense relations
While native speakers are often able to offer clear and unambiguous judgements of form (e.g. ‘“I have readed” isn’t English’, ‘“They are big ones” is correct but “they are bigs ones” isn’t’), they are less confident (and less likely to agree) on judgements of word meaning, or lexical semantics. To understand word meaning, therefore, we need to look at the concrete evidence provided by the sense relationships into which lexemes enter. An important distinction needs to be drawn here between denotation, or the relationship between a lexical item and the world, and sense, its relationship with other lexemes. Thus starling denotes a subset of the set defined by bird and having the properties of being small, black and speckled in appearance, and enters into sense relations with words such as robin, sparrow, bird and so on.
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