error (n.)

An application in LINGUISTICS of the general use of this term, referring to mistakes in spontaneous speaking or writing. Several types of psycholinguistic error have been recognized. ‘Speaker’s errors’, involving difficulties with the timing or sequence of commands, will lead to the addition, deletion or substitution of sounds and MORPHEMES – and are most noticeable in the phenomenon labelled ‘slips of the tongue’ (relabelled by some psycholinguists ‘slips of the brain’), and in the false starts, PAUSES, and other non-fluencies of everyday speech. ‘Hearer’s errors’ are particularly noticeable in language ACQUISITION, as when a child misanalyses an adult SENTENCE (e.g. A: He’s got his hat on. C: Where’s his hat on?), and in the history of language, where new forms have come from a reanalysis (or ‘metanalysis’) of older ones (e.g. a napron ⇒ an apron). The distinction between ‘errors’ of PRODUCTION and PERCEPTION is sometimes hard to draw, however – especially as often the only evidence for the latter is the former – and, generally, the term ‘error’ should be used with caution, especially in language acquisition studies, where it can be easily confused with the pedagogical notion of ‘error’ (in the context of essay-marking, etc.).

In language teaching and learning, error analysis is a technique for identifying, classifying and systematically interpreting the unacceptable forms produced by someone learning a foreign language, using any of the principles and procedures provided by LINGUISTICS. Errors are assumed to reflect, in a systematic way, the level of COMPETENCE achieved by a learner; they are contrasted with ‘mistakes’, which are PERFORMANCE limitations that a learner would be able to correct. A distinction is often drawn between errors which are noticed and corrected by the speaker, errors which the speaker can correct if prompted to do so, and errors which the speaker cannot correct because of a lack of linguistic knowledge.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم صناعة الشبابيك يشرع بإدامة شباكين قديمين لمرقد الإمامين العسكريين (عليهما السلام)

فرقة العباس (عليه السلام) تختتم خدماتها المقدمة للزائرين في سامراء

موكب العتبتين المقدستين يحيي ذكرى استشهاد الإمام الهادي (عليه السلام) في سامراء

العتبة العسكرية المقدسة تكرّم وفد العتبة العباسية المقدسة لمشاركته في تقديم الخدمات للزائرين

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Constituent structure

A typology of word structure

Analyzing position classes

Representing word structure

Different kinds of morphemes

Morphemes Definition of “morpheme”

Analyzing word structure

Mirror in nominal morphology

Appendix 2: Hapax legomena from the Cobuild corpus

Appendix 1: 20th century neologisms from the OED

Morphological Productivity Structural Constraints in English Derivation Conclusion

Verbal derivation and the separation hypothesis