What is face? Notions such as reputation, prestige and self-esteem, all involve an element of the folk notion of face. The term is perhaps most commonly used in English in the idiom losing face, meaning that one’s public image suffers some damage, often resulting in humiliation or embarrassment. Such reactions are suggestive of the emotional investment in face. Much modern writing on face draws upon the work of Goffman (e.g. 1967). Goffman (1967: 5) defines it thus: “the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact. Face is an image of self-delineated in terms of approved social attributes.” Brown and Levinson’s conception of face consists of two related components, which they assume are universal: “every member wants to claim for himself” (1987: 61) [our italics]. One component is labelled positive face, and appears to be close to Goffman’s definition of face, as it is defined as “the want of every member that his wants be desirable to at least some others ... in particular, it includes the desire to be ratified, understood, approved of, liked or admired” (1987: 62). One may assume, for example, that you want your existence acknowledged (e.g. people to say Hello), approval of your opinions (e.g. You’re right about that student), or the expression of admiration (e.g. I thought you did a good job). Note that positive face clearly involves particular attitudes. The other component, negative face, is defined as: “the want of every ‘competent adult member’ that his actions be unimpeded by others” (1987: 62). One may assume, for example, that you want people to let you attend to what you want, do what you want and say what you want (hence, requests that inconvenience you are tentatively worded). Incidentally, the words “positive” and “negative” in the labels for these two kinds of face carry no implications of good and bad; they are simply technical terms for different kinds of face.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

تزامنًا مع حلول شهر ربيع الأول.. العتبة العباسية المقدسة ترفع مظاهر الحزن والسواد في المرقد الطاهر

بعد انتهاء شهري المحرم وصفر.. قسم الصيانة يباشر إدامة الثريات واستبدال مصابيح المرقد الطاهر

قسم الشؤون الخدمية يشرع بإدامة آليّات النظافة عقب انتهاء زيارة الأربعين

موكب عزاء الشعراء والرواديد ينظم مسيرة عزائية في ختام شهري الأحزان المحرم الحرام وصفر

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

العنب.. فاكهة صغيرة بمفعول "خارق" للقلب والدماغ

دراسة تحدد "الحلقة المفقودة".. تسبب ارتفاع ضغط الدم

هذه الأطعمة تحمي دماغك من الشيخوخة وتزيد حدة الذكاء

خبراء يحذرون من مخاطر "الدهون المخفية" على القلب

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

الأرصاد الجوية تلجأ إلى الذكاء الاصطناعي.. لأي غرض؟

في منزلك.. "تعديل بسيط" يخفض ضغط الدم بشكل طبيعي

"ميزة جديدة" من إنستغرام تنافس تيك توك.. طال انتظارها

غوغل في مأزق.. بيانات 2.5 مليار مستخدم بقبضة القراصنة

المزيد