

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Reflection: Exploiting the power of sequentiality
المؤلف:
Jonathan Culpeper and Michael Haugh
المصدر:
Pragmatics and the English Language
الجزء والصفحة:
188-6
21-5-2022
851
Reflection: Exploiting the power of sequentiality
In 2001 in the British version of the TV series Who Wants to be a Millionaire, Major Charles Ingram won a million pounds. However, he was subsequently stripped of the prize in 2003 and charged, along with his wife, with tricking the gameshow host. The issue discussed in the court trial was did Ingram cheat and, if so, how? The answer lies in the way in which Ingram and his wife exploited the power of sequentiality to alert him to the “correct” answers. One of the most obvious cases of this – in hindsight at least – was in his winning response to the million pound question. The question itself was as follows:

Part of Ingram’s response to the question is transcribed below. We can see that he articulates each of the possible answers in turn, starting with nanomole, then megatron, and then googol. It was what happened after he said googol that eventually caught the attention of the producers of the show (T = the host, Chris Tarrant; I = Ingram).


Following Ingram’s articulation of googol as a possible although unlikely response (lines 5–6), there was noticeably marked coughing in the audience (line 8). Immediately following this Ingram started repeating googol (lines 9 and 12), eventually coming to the conclusion that the answer was googol (lines 14–15), which indeed it was. It turned out that the wife had agreed to signal an answer as correct through coughing after it was listed by Ingram. By doing so they had exploited the power of sequential placement of a seemingly meaningless cough to convey a particular meaning (i.e. that’s the correct answer), thereby enabling Ingram to go on to win the million pounds. At the time it was not obvious what was going on as anyone who attends concerts or shows would not normally consider coughing from members of the audience to be interactionally meaningful.
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