Synthesis of benzene derivatives via electrophilic aromatic substitution
المؤلف:
University of Missouri System
المصدر:
Organic Chemistry ii
الجزء والصفحة:
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24-9-2020
1536
Synthesis of benzene derivatives via electrophilic aromatic substitution
This section is on the general mechanism of how an electrophilic atom becomes a part of a benzene ring through the substitution of a hydrogen. Common reactions that proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution include the nitration and sulfonation of benzene, hydration of benzene, Friedel-Crafts acylation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The catalysts and co-reagents serve to generate the strong electrophilic species needed to effect the initial step of the substitution. The specific electrophile (E or E+) believed to function in each type of reaction is listed in the right hand column.
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