Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols : Other reactions involving phosphorus halides
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26-7-2019
1988
Other reactions involving phosphorus halides
Instead of using phosphorus(III) bromide or iodide, the alcohol is usually heated under reflux with a mixture of red phosphorus and either bromine or iodine. The phosphorus first reacts with the bromine or iodine to give the phosphorus(III) halide.
2P(s)+3Br2→2PBr3
2P(s)+3I2→2PI3
These then react with the alcohol to give the corresponding halogenoalkane, which can be distilled off.
3CH3CH2CH2OH+PBr3→3CH3CH2CH2Br+H3PO3
3CH3CH2CH2OH+PI3→3CH3CH2CH2I+H3PO3
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