Electrophilic addition mechanism consists of two steps
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14-7-2019
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Electrophilic addition mechanism consists of two steps
Before constructing the mechanism let us summarize conditions for this reaction. We will use Br2 in our example for halogenation of ethylene.
| Nucleophile |
Double bond in alkene |
| Electrophile |
Br2, Cl2 |
| Regiochemistry |
not relevant |
|
Stereochemistry
|
ANTI |
Step 1: In the first step of the addition the Br-Br bond polarizes, heterolytic cleavage occurs and Br with the positive charge forms a intermediate cycle with the double bond.
Step 2: In the second step, bromide anion attacks any carbon of the bridged bromonium ion from the back side of the cycle. Cycle opens up and two halogens are in the position anti.
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