Died: 11 May 1955 in Moscow, USSR

Nikolai Mitrofanovich Krylov graduated from the St Petersburg Institute of Mines in 1902. He was professor there from 1912 until 1917 when he went to the Crimea to become professor at the Crimea University. He held this post until 1922 when he moved to Kiev on being appointed chairman of the mathematical physics department of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (in fact renamed the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in the year before Krylov was appointed).

He worked mainly on interpolation and numerical solutions to differential equations, where he obtained very effective formulas for the errors. He also applied his methods to non-linear oscillatory problems in 1932 and, in so doing, laid the foundations for non-linear mechanics.

Krylov published over 200 papers on analysis and mathematical physics. For example he published On the approximate solution of the integro-differential equations of mathematical physics (1926), and Approximation of periodic solutions of differential equations in French in 1929. With his collaborator and former student N N Bogolyubov, he published On Rayleigh's principle in the theory of differential equations of mathematical physics and on Euler's method in calculus of variations (1927-8) and On the quasiperiodic solutions of the equations of the nonlinear mechanics. This last mentioned paper was also written in French and published in 1934. The most famous publication of Krylov and Bogolyubov is their book Introduction to nonlinear mechanics, published in Kiev in 1937. This book was translated into English by Solomon Lefschetz and published by Princeton University Press in 1943. Levinson writes in a review:-

The treatment is so oriented as to be readily available to the engineer or physicist. In fact, rigor is entirely subordinated to the objective of making the material as widely available as possible. Examples of physical systems are given which lead to the type of equation considered in the monograph. Moreover, general statements of methods for solving equations are illustrated by the explicit solution of examples.

Before publishing this book with Bogolyubov, in 1931 Krylov had published the important monograph Les méthodes de solution approchée des problèmes de la physique mathématique.

All of Krylov's works emphasise computational aspects, motivations, and applications. In [8] Lucka discusses work by on the Ritz method of convergence:-

We present the fundamental results of the works of N M Krylov and N N Bogolyubov devoted to the establishment of effective error estimates for the Ritz method, the Bubnov-Galerkin method and the least squares method in connection with self-adjoint differential equations.

In 1939 Krylov and Bogolyubov published Sur les équations de Focker-Planck déduites dans la théorie des perturbations à l'aide d'une méthode basée sur les propriétés spectrales de l'hamiltonien perturbateur (Application à la mécanique classique et à la mécanique quantique). This paper began their work which established the theory of perturbations and transitions of state on a new and uniform basis, both in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.

Finally let us mention three papers published by Krylov in 1947. These are Sur une propriété des suites particulières de nombres premiers impairs published by the Academy of Sciences in Paris, Sur les complexes de Galois and Sur les quaternions de W R Hamilton et la notion de la monogénéité both published by the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Sciences).

1. A T Grigorian, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). 
   http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830902398.html

Books:

1. N N Bogolyubov, Nikolai Mitrofanovich Krylov (on his Seventieth Birthday), Uspekhi matematicheskikh nauk 5 (1950).
2. N M Krylov, Selected works. Vol. I, II (Izdat. Akad. Nauk Ukrain. SSR, Kiev, 1961).

Articles:

1. A N Bogolyubov, N M Krylov as a historian of mathematics (Russian), in Outlines on the history of mathematics and physics in the Ukraine ('Naukova Dumka', Kiev, 1978), 3-14.
2. A N Bogolyubov and M O Kharitonova, M M Krylov and M M Bogolyubov (Ukrainian), in The Institute of Mathematics. Outlines of its development (Natsional. Akad. Nauk Ukra•ni, Inst. Mat., Kiev, 1997), 89-96.
3. A N Bogolyubov, N M Krylov and N N Bogolyubov (Russian), Istor.-Mat. Issled. (2) No. 1 (36), (2) (1996), 118-127; 263.
4. N N Bogolyubov, Nikolai Mitrofanovic Krylov (For his seventieth birthday) (Russian), Ukrain. Mat. Zurnal 2 (3) (1950), 3-6.
5. T F Lucka, An investigation of the rate of convergence of the variational methods in the works of N M Krylov and N N Bogoljubov (Russian), in Problems in the history of mathematics and mechanics (Inst. Mat., Akad. Nauk Ukrain. SSR, Kiev, 1977), 81-97.
6. T F Lucka, The contribution of N M Krylov and N N Bogoljubov to the development of variational methods in mathematical physics (Russian), in Outlines on the history of mathematics and physics in the Ukraine (Inst. Mat., Akad. Nauk Ukrain. SSR, Kiev, 1978), 15-30.
7. Ya A Matviishin, Problems in the theory of nonlinear differential equations in the early works of N M Krylov (Russian), Akad. Nauk Ukrain. SSR Inst. Mat. 56 (1985), 3-12.
8. Yu A Mitropol'skii, The ideas of Krylov and Bogolyubov in the theory of differential equations and mathematical physics, and their development (Russian), Ukrain. Mat. Zh. 42 (3) (1990), 291-302.
9. Yu A Mitropol'skii, The ideas of Krylov and Bogolyubov in the theory of differential equations and mathematical physics, and their development, Ukrainian Math. J. 42 (3) (1990), 259-269.
10. Yu A Mitropol'skii, Nikolai Mitrofanovic Krylov (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth) (Russian), Ukrain. Mat. Zh. 31 (6) (1979), 731-734.
11. Obituary: Nikolai Mitrofanovic Krylov (Russian), Ukrain. Mat. Z. 7 (1955), 347-359.
12. V P Rubanik, Application of the asymptotic method of N M Krylov and N N Bogoljubov to quasilinear differential-difference equations (Russian), Ukrain. Mat. Z. 11 (1959), 446-450.

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