Type of test Microscopic

Normal findings

 No peripheral synucleinopathy

Test explanation and related physiology

 Synucleinopathy refers to any degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which there is an excessive accumulation of alpha-synuclein (a brain protein) in the neurons. The synucleinopathies include Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. This test is used to diagnose PD. Peripheral synucleinopathy is also being used by researchers who strive to enroll patients in treatment trials early in the course of the disease.

In PD, alpha-synuclein proteins are found not only in the brain but throughout the body. Brain tissue examinations will most accurately identify these proteins. The submandibular gland, however, is the easiest to reach and potentially the safest, posing the fewest risks. The tissue is stained for phosphorylated alpha-synuclein. Rich staining indicates PD. Unfortunately, this test in only about 75% sensitive in early PD subjects. False positives may occur but may represent prodromal PD.

The DaT scan (Ioflupane I-123) is a radiopharmaceutical that can visualize striatal dopamine transporters as an adjunct to other diagnostic tests for PD. After intravenous (IV) injection, Ioflupane I-123 reversibly binds to the presynaptic dopa mine transporter (DaT) in the striatum and is visualized using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). DaT is reduced 50% to 70% in patients with PD. When combined with olfactory testing such as the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-40) (because most patients with PD lose some sense of smell), the diagnosis of PD can be more strongly confirmed with fewer patients falsely diagnosed as having PD.

 Potential complications

 • Submandibular gland bleeding, swelling, and inflammation

 Procedure and patient care

 Before

* Explain the procedure to the patient.

• Tell the patient no fasting is required

During

• Local anesthesia is used to numb the area.

• An otolaryngologist inserts a needle through the skin into the submandibular gland. Three to six needle core biopsies are obtained.

 After

 • A dressing is applied to the neck area.

• Check the site for bleeding.

Abnormal findings

- PD

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

مؤتمر السيد المجاهد يشهد عرض فيلم وثائقي عن سيرته العلمية ومشروع إحياء تراثه

بحث حوزوي يتناول التمييز بين المعجزة والسحر عند السيد المجاهد

بحث يناقش أثر القواعد العقلية في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية عند السيد محمد المجاهد

بحث علمي يناقش ردود السيد المجاهد على اللغويين والنحويين في كتابه (مفاتيح الأصول)

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

هل توقيت نشاطك اليومي يؤثر على صحة دماغك؟.. العلماء يجيبون

"مشروب محبوب" يخفي فوائد لا يعرفها كثيرون

طبيب يكشف 5 أنواع للسعال.. بعضها خطير

نقص فيتامينات "خفي".. قد يفسّر التعب والتنميل وقلة التركيز

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

دراسة: تغيّرات في أسلوب القيادة قد تكشف مبكرا عن الخرف !

عمرها 773 ألف سنة.. اكتشاف أقدم أحافير بشرية في المغرب

"اختراق علمي".. اختبار دم في منزلك قد يكشف ألزهايمر

ماذا يحدث للجسم عند قطع الكافيين فجأة؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Pepsinogen

Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear, Pap test, Cytologic test for cancer, Liquid-based cervical cytology [LBCC], ThinPrep)

Carrier Diagnosis

oximetry (Pulse oximetry, Oxygen saturation)

5′-nucleotidase

neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL, Lipocalin-2)

neutrophil antibody screen (Granulocyte antibodies, Polymorphonucleocyte antibodies [PMN ab], Antigranulocyte antibodies, Antineutrophil antibodies, Neutrophil antibodies, Leukoagglutinin)

Myoglobin

metal testing (lead, arsenic, mercury)

Clinical Molecular Biology: Diagnosis of Susceptibility

Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 : Point of Care Molecular Test

Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 : Real-time PCR