Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
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Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
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Past Simple
Future
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Nouns
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Nouns gender
Nouns definition
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Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
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Adverbs of time
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Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
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pragmatics
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Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia Conclusion
المؤلف:
Rajend Mesthrie
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
1109-66
2024-07-03
823
It is clear from this synopsis that varieties of English in Africa-Asia, especially the L2 varieties, share a great deal of phonological similarities. Particularly striking are the use of a 5-vowel system, plus diphthongs in many varieties; the tendency towards syllable timing; the non-fricative realization of /θ/ and /ð/. In the interests of fidelity to the original transcriptions minute differences between vowels were retained in this summary, rather than attempting to ‘normalize’ some transcriptions (e.g. [a] versus versus [ɐ]), in the hope of uncovering further broad phonological similarities. This synopsis must therefore be taken as a starting rather than end point of the challenging but stimulating study of the systemic phonological similarities, as well as of the phonetic differences within those overall similarities amongst the Englishes of Africa-Asia.