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موافق

Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous

Passive and Active

Parts Of Speech

Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective

Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Grammar Rules

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Semantics

Pragmatics

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

literature

Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced

English Language : Linguistics : Phonology :

Philippine English

المؤلف:  Ma. Lourdes G. Tayao

المصدر:  A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة:  1048-62

2024-06-16

88

Philippine English

PhlE is used extensively in different domains by educated Filipinos throughout the Philippines. As early as 1969, studies were conducted describing Philippine English as a variety of General American English and recommending that it be taught instead of gAmE in Philippine schools. T. Llamzon (1997: 43), a pioneer in establishing the existence of Standard Filipino English and describing it, pointed out in one of his more recent studies that Filipinos are willing to copy American English, but only up to a point especially where spoken English is concerned:

… an approximation of the English formal style is what they want. They retain something of their identity – in their lack of the nasal twang, in the careful articulation of individual syllables, and in their refusal to use the “reduced signals” of the informal conversational style of American English. … when educated Filipinos speak to their fellow Filipinos, they speak English the Filipino way.

 

The status of Standard Philippine English was also taken up by McKaughan (1993: 52), who pointed out that “Philippine English has emerged as an autonomous variety of English with its own self-contained system. It has its own distinct accent. The differences in form in Philippine English are not deficiencies but distinct forms belonging to the Philippine English speech fellowship … As to accent, any of the varieties, so long as they are from educated Filipino speakers can model good Philippine English.”

 

Socio-political developments resulting from changes in language attitudes characterized by objections to a monolithic or single standard of language performance in English, along with the current emphasis on varieties of English, have brought to the fore renewed interest in Philippine English which has been evolving through the years.

 

I describe the phonological features of Philippine English citing whenever possible, reasons to explain differences between PhlE and its `matrilect’ gAmE.