

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Vowels KIT
المؤلف:
Augustin Simo Bobda
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
885-50
2024-05-14
1246
Vowels KIT
The most common realization of the KIT vowel in CamE is a tense and relatively short /i/ as in sit, bit, pity, myth, English [sit, bit, piti, mit, iŋgliʃ]. The KIT vowel thus clearly merges with the FLEECE vowel. When the KIT vowel in Wells’ paradigm results from vowel reduction, its realization in CamE is generally suggested by the underlying strong vowel, usually reflecting the spelling. Thus, words with post-tonic <-ace, -age, -ain, -ate> have /e/ (the restructured form of the FACE vowel), as in popul[e]ce, vill[e]ge, mount[e]n, liter[e]te; women and words in <-ed, -less, -ness> have /ε/: wom[ε]n, paint[ε]d, usel[ε]ss, happin[ε]s. Note the particular behavior of the vowels of horsES words and words with past tense -ed. There is no special provision for them in Wells’ (1982: 128) list. But Foulkes and Docherty (1999) set them apart as showing variations in the Sheffield accent different from the other KIT vowels. CamE also presents a different picture: while horsES words have /i/ (hors[i]s, clash[i]s, judg[i]s, -ed words have /ε/, as shown above.
The other realizations are suggested by the spelling (e.g. [sεkuit, sekuit] circuit, [bjuzi] busy), or analogy with some existing pattern. Thus coward[ai]ce and jaund[ai]ce are induced by the analogy with dice, d[ai]vorce, and b[ai]gamy by the analogy with the pronunciation of the prefixes di-, and bi-, respectively, in many words; imp[ai]ous by the analogy with pious; [ai]diosyncracy, -atic by the analogy with idea and its derivatives; h[ai]deous by the analogy with hide; h[ai]biscus, h[ai]pocritical by the analogy with other words with [hai-] (hibernate, hypertension, hypercritical); v[ai]neyard by the analogy with vine; Cather[ai]ne, femin[ai]ne, mascul[ai]ne, favor[ai]te, gran[ai]te, infin[ai]te, later[ai]te, (less commonly fam[ai]ne, genu[ai]ne, defin[ai]te) by the analogy with the many English words in –ine and –ite which have /ai/.
Note finally the dropping of the KIT vowel represented by final e in some words of foreign origin, like [apɔkɔp, fɔt, haipεbɔl, siŋkɔp] i.e. apocope, forte, hyperbole, syncope
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)