Fronting, backing, lowering of central vowels
المؤلف:
Christine Jourdan and Rachel Selbach
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
704-39
2024-04-27
1250
Fronting, backing, lowering of central vowels
The central vowels [ə] and [Λ] merge with [e], [o] or [a] by fronting, backing or lowering. This is partly determined by context:
Fronting to [e] (a context-free change, but applies especially to long and syllable-final central vowels):
Backing to [o] before [l] (a context-sensitive change: [əl] > [ol]):
Lowering to [a] before etymological [r] (often context-sensitive: [er] > [a]):
While backing before [l] and lowering before [r] is largely predictable, some contexts are not. For instance, there are several changes possible before [n]:
The remaining short vowels become low central.
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