

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Regional lexicon
المؤلف:
David Bradley
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
653-36
2024-04-24
1316
Regional lexicon
The examples of regional differences in Australian English most often given by non-linguists are lexical. One well-known instance is a kind of processed cooked meat in a tube, called German sausage up to 1914. With anti-German feeling due to World War I, all manufacturers around Australia changed the name: in Melbourne, to Stras(s)burg (usually shortened to Stras(s)), in Adelaide to Fritz, in Sydney to Devon, in Brisbane to Windsor, in Tasmania to Belgium and in Perth to Polony. Other examples abound, in names of plants and animals, childhood and school activities, household items, and so on. Some are more subtle: the Tasmanian predilection to specify types of potatoes (pinkeye, sebago and so on) while most other regions do so much less. For a very large number of further examples.
Indeed, one of the popular criticisms of the first edition of the otherwise excellent Macquarie Dictionary (Delbridge et al. 1981) is that it gives mainly or only the Sydney or New South Wales forms. Most of these gaps are lexical, but some, including words showing TRAP/PALM/FACE differences, are in regional pronunciation; note, for example, cicada – the first edition gives only the Sydney PALM alternative (1981: 346). Later editions have attempted to correct this bias; and the Federation edition (Delbridge et al. 2001: 353), which give both PALM and FACE for this word, but with the Sydney form first and without attempting to localize the alternatives. Other minor errors in this area include basic with TRAP cited as American; this is actually an older, especially Queensland alternative to the more usual FACE pronunciation, and is not American. Here we have another example of stereotyping: attributing sociolectally low-status things to American influence, a long-standing Australian tendency.
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قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)