

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Conclusions
المؤلف:
Valerie Youssef and Winford James
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
522-30
2024-04-13
1370
The creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Conclusions
Separate recordings are included for both Trinidadian and Tobagonian to highlight their most characteristic similarities and differences, which, as illustrated, mainly in basilectal features which distinguish Tobagonian from Trinidadian speech overall. As travel between the two islands becomes increasingly frequent, and as young people in particular look to Trinidad for employment and advancement, the differences may slowly break down at every level. The mesolect is becoming increasingly widespread in usage right across the twin-island territory.
Thus far language change is indicated. But there remains a distinct nationalism rooted in Tobago, as well as an essentially rural lifestyle, which ensures the continued vitality of the basilectal variety. As noted earlier, Youssef (2001), in a small-scale study in the village of Bethel, indicates that there remains a common level of basilectal usage for both old and young at home, but that the young favour the mesolect over the acrolect as a badge of modern identity in the wider world. The continuing use of the basilect as a home variety, and the relative weight of the mesolect in wider contexts, suggests that the continuous change from basilect to acrolect, considered to characterize a continuum situation, is not going through and that the situation may become relatively stable, with each variety having its own contexts for usage in the society at large.
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اخر الاخبار
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الآخبار الصحية

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(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)