Grammar

Tenses

Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

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Present Perfect Continuous

Past

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous

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Future

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Nouns

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Definition Of Nouns

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Stative and dynamic verbs

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Adjectives

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Pronouns

Subject pronoun

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Demonstrative pronoun

Pre Position

Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition

Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

Interjections

Express calling interjection

Grammar Rules

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Linguistics

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pragmatics

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English Language : Linguistics : Phonology :

Consonants

المؤلف: Matthew J. Gordon

المصدر: A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology

الجزء والصفحة: 299-16

2024-03-20

639

Consonants

Few distinctive consonantal features have been reported for the Inland North. The speech of the region has been and remains rhotic. The distinction between /hw/ and /w/ may be heard from some speakers but is clearly recessive. Alternations between the interdental fricatives, /θ/ and /ð/ , and stops, /t/ and /d/, characterize the speech of some urban speakers, and the choice of and in –ing forms operates as a stylistic variable throughout the area. In addition to these features, which are common to many dialects, we note a pattern with a more restricted distribution: the devoicing of final obstruents in Chicago. This feature is a stereotype of working-class Chicago speech and is commonly illustrated by referring to the local football team as [də bεrs] “the Bears”, a stock pronunciation popularized by a television skit. The extent to which this devoicing occurs in less self-conscious usage has not been thoroughly studied.