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Definition Of Nouns
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Pronouns
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Pre Position
Preposition by function
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Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
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Double preposition
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wishes
Be used to
Some and any
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Possession
Comparative and superlative
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Forming questions
Since and for
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Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
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Reported speech
Linguistics
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reconstruction (n.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
405-18
2023-11-06
1184
+
-
20
reconstruction (n.)
A method used in HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS and COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY in which a hypothetical SYSTEM of sounds or FORMS representing an earlier, non-extant state of a LANGUAGE (‘PROTO-forms’ in a ‘proto-language’) is established deductively (reconstructed) from an analysis of the attested sounds and forms of extant TEXTS. This process of comparative reconstruction is dependent on the existence of good written records or several known related languages where systematic sound correspondences can be set up. When these do not exist, as in many African and American Indian languages, it is still possible to hypothesize about the historical development of the languages by analyzing the STRUCTURAL regularities and irregularities of their contemporary states, and deducing UNDERLYING forms which might reflect earlier states – a process of internal reconstruction.
In GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY, reconstruction is a PROCESS that occurs in the MAPPING from S-STRUCTURE to LOGICAL FORM, moving certain CONSTITUENTS back to their D-STRUCTURE positions. It allows examples like which picture of herself did Mary buy? to be analyzed as ordinary cases of ANAPHORA, in which the ANAPHOR is C-COMMANDED by its ANTECEDENT.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
