Grammar
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Definition Of Nouns
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Pre Position
Preposition by function
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Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
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Double preposition
Compound preposition
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Subordinating conjunction
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Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
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wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
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Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
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Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
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Reported speech
Linguistics
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pragmatics
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contrastive analysis (CA)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
112-3
2023-07-25
1036
contrastive analysis (CA)
A general approach to the investigation of language (contrastive linguistics), particularly as carried on in certain areas of APPLIED LINGUISTICS, such as foreign-language teaching and translation. In a contrastive analysis of two languages, the points of STRUCTURAL difference are identified, and these are then studied as areas of potential difficulty (INTERFERENCE or ‘negative transfer’) in foreign-language learning. The claim that these differences are the source of difficulty in foreign-language learning, and thus govern the progress of the learner, is known as the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Although strongly influential (motivating audio-lingual methods of language teaching), by the 1980s the validity of the hypothesis had been seriously questioned, especially following research into the nature of INTERLANGUAGE and into the cognitive contribution which individuals themselves bring to the learning task. Contrastive analyses are SYNCHRONIC; analogous ‘contrastive’ studies of two states in the history of a language would be grouped under a different heading, such as COMPARATIVE or HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS.
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