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back (adj.)
المؤلف:
David Crystal
المصدر:
A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
48-2
2023-06-09
1109
+
-
20
back (adj.)
(sounds) Classification of back speech sounds are of two types: (a) those articulated in the back part of the mouth; and (b) those articulated with the back part of the TONGUE. In many cases, these two criteria coincide: back VOWELS are ‘back’ in both senses, as in English hard, talk, show, got, as are the back CONSONANTS heard at the beginning of go, car and way. Consonants made in the LARYNX or PHARYNX, however, such as [h], are ‘back’ in sense (a) only. Back vowels are contrasted, in traditional PHONETIC classifications, with FRONT and CENTRAL VOWELS. In the traditional classifications, sounds made at the back of the mouth are distinguished from those made at the front; and those made by the back of the tongue are opposed to those made further forward, by the TIP and BLADE (or front) of the tongue. In the DISTINCTIVE FEATURE analysis of sounds proposed by Chomsky and Halle, the equivalent of ‘front’ is ANTERIOR, and of ‘tip/blade’ is CORONAL. Back sounds as a whole, in their terminology, are a type of CAVITY feature (specifically, a TONGUE-BODY FEATURE); they are contrasted with non-back sounds, i.e. sounds produced without any retraction of the tongue from the neutral position.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonetics
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
