

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

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Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

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Definition Of Nouns

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Nouns


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Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

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Adverbs


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Pronouns

Subject pronoun

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Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

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Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

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Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

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Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

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Assessment
Releasing nasals into vowels
المؤلف:
Richard Ogden
المصدر:
An Introduction to English Phonetics
الجزء والصفحة:
140-9
20-7-2022
1415
Releasing nasals into vowels
In coming out of a nasal into a vowel, the oral closure must be released, and the velum must be raised to block airflow through the nasal cavity. These two articulations are generally simultaneous, so that when the oral closure is released, the airflow becomes oral. This produces a discontinuity in volume, which can be seen in waveforms and spectrograms as a rapid change in amplitude. Sometimes, movements of the velum can be seen in a spectrogram.

Figure 9.1 gives a schematic representation of a nasal followed by a vowel. The upper line represents the action of the velum, and the lower line represents the action of the lips; the two articulations are temporally aligned so that they co-occur. The transition in time from [m] to [a] is quite fast (a few tens of milliseconds).
Figure 9.2 gives a spectrogram and a waveform of the start of the word ‘map’, as produced by a male speaker of RP. The nasal and vowel portions are marked [m] and [a] respectively: notice the rather abrupt change in amplitude as the nasality ends.

What can also be seen is that during the spectrogram of the portion labelled [m], there are some areas of low amplitude, such as around 1600 Hz. This is because the nasal cavities absorb some of the acoustic energy, and gaps like this (called zeroes) are often evident on spectrograms. Although there are formants visible during the nasal portion, they are less distinct than in the vocalic portion; this is because the formant peaks are wider, which makes them also quieter and less visually prominent. This is particularly noticeable for F1.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonetics
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قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)