x
هدف البحث
بحث في العناوين
بحث في المحتوى
بحث في اسماء الكتب
بحث في اسماء المؤلفين
اختر القسم
موافق
Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
literature
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Coronal
المؤلف: Richard Ogden
المصدر: An Introduction to English Phonetics
الجزء والصفحة: 107-7
4-7-2022
352
Coronal plosives can be made with either the tongue tip or the tongue blade. This seems to be a matter of individual habit. In using the word coronal, we are recognizing that the tip or the blade of the tongue can be used to make closures at a number of different places. The main ones are dental, alveolar and postalveolar.
Dental plosives occur in a number of places in English: before the sounds [θ] and [ð], as in ‘width’, ‘breadth’; and often as an alternative production of [ð] in utterance-initial position. The IPA does not provide special symbols for dental plosives, so the diacritic is added below the symbol to mark a dental place of articulation, as in for ‘breadth’ or for ‘eighth’
The voiceless alveolar plosive and the voiced alveolar plosive ([t d] respectively) have slightly different tongue shapes in many varieties. For [t], the tongue tip tends to have a little slit in it, so that on release, there is often a short period of friction (affrication), which we could transcribe as . [d] on the other hand usually does not have this tongue shape, so its release is less affricated and sounds ‘flatter’.
Postalveolar plosives occur as part of affricates (which we will discuss too), and in clusters before [ɹ], as in ‘train’, ‘drain’. If you compare the tongue postures for the initial plosives of ‘tie’ and ‘try’, you will notice that for ‘try’ the tongue tip or blade is making contact a bit behind the alveolar ridge; you may also notice that the sides of the tongue are curled up a little and the part of the tongue that makes contact with the roof of the mouth might be different from the part for ‘tie’: in my own production, the frontmost underside of the tongue makes contact for the postalveolar plosive. Postalveolar plosive can be transcribed [t d]; the diacritic means ‘retracted’ (i.e. further back).