RNA, a Different Nucleic Acid

The high molecular weight nucleic acid, DNA, is found chiefly in the nuclei of complex cells, known as eucaryotic cells, or in the nucleoid regions of procaryotic cells, such as bacteria. It is often associated with proteins that help to pack it in a usable fashion.
In contrast, a lower molecular weight, but much more abundant nucleic acid, RNA, is distributed throughout the cell, most commonly in small numerous organelles called ribosomes. Three kinds of RNA are identified, the largest subgroup (85 to 90%) being ribosomal RNA, rRNA, the major component of ribosomes, together with proteins. The size of rRNA molecules varies, but is generally less than a thousandth the size of DNA. The other forms of RNA are messenger RNA , mRNA, and transfer RNA , tRNA. Both have a more transient existence and are smaller than rRNA.
All these RNA's have similar constitutions, and differ from DNA in two important respects. As shown in the following diagram, the sugar component of RNA is ribose, and the pyrimidine base uracil replaces the thymine base of DNA. The RNA's play a vital role in the transfer of information (transcription) from the DNA library to the protein factories called ribosomes, and in the interpretation of that information (translation) for the synthesis of specific polypeptides. These functions will be described later.

مواضيع ذات صلة

Ribosomat RNA rRNA

Transfer RNA tRNA

الحامض النووي الرايبوزي المخبر Messenger RNA

الحامض النووي الرايبوزي Ribonucleic acid RNA

الحامض النووي DNA

الأحماض النووية Nucleic acids

الأحماض النووية Nucleic Acids

النيوكليوتيدات والأحماض النووية

نقل الفسفات من الأتب (ATP) إلى النوكليوتيدات الأحادية يخولها إلى نوكليوتيدات ثنائية وثلاثية الفسفات

تساهم المحفزات متعددة الوظاف في التخليق الحيوي لنوكليوتيدات البورين

تحصر الادوية المضادة للفولات او مضائهات الجلوتامين التخليق الحيوي لنوكليوتيدات البورين

عوز البورين نادر لدى الانسان