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The Laws of Refraction

المؤلف:  GEORGE A. HOADLEY

المصدر:  ESSENTIALS OF PHYSICS

الجزء والصفحة:  p-459

2025-12-24

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The Laws of Refraction.

1.  When a ray of light passes obliquely from an optically rarer to an optically denser medium, it is bent toward the perpendicular to the surface at that point. When it passes from an optically denser to an optically rarer medium, it is bent from the perpendicular.
2. The incident and refracted rays, and the normal to the refracting surface, are in the same plane.
3. Whatever the incident angle, the index of refraction for any two media is a constant quantity.