Type of test Blood

 Normal findings

 Vary by laboratory and technique

Test explanation and related physiology

Cytokines were renamed as interleukins and were numbered by the sequence of discovery. Interleukins, in general, are made up of leukocytes. Lymphokines and monokines are made up of lymphocytes and monocytes, respectively. Other cytokines include interferon and growth factors.

Some cytokines are produced at increased levels in certain dis ease states and therefore become markers for disease extent, progression, and response to therapy. They can act as tumor markers in cancers associated with elevated cytokines. Human interferon inducible protein 10 is a small cytokine belonging to the chemokine family that affects cellular chemotaxis, immune response, and bone marrow inhibition. This protein, when present in high quantities in an acutely ill patient, is an accurate predictor of multiple organ failure.

Any table created to list all the cytokines and their functions quickly becomes inaccurate. The discovery of new cytokines and new functions changes so frequently that any such table would be outdated in the delay to publication. Likewise, any listing of normal values would be just as quickly obsolete because methods of testing change so frequently. It is suggested that reference to normal values be directed to the laboratory performing the assay.

At present, cytokine quantitative and qualitative assays are predominantly used for research. Clinically, cytokine assays may have the following uses:

• Measurement of AIDS progression

• Measurement of progression of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis

 • Tumor markers (e.g., breast cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia)

• Determination of disease risk (e.g., risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS patients)

• Determination of treatment of disease (e.g., patients with rheumatoid arthritis)

• Determination of immune function and response

• Monitoring of patients receiving cytokine therapy or anticytokine therapy

Usually, cytokine testing is performed on serum. However, joint fluid is often tested in the evaluation of the patient with arthritis. Likewise, if inflammatory encephalitis or meningitis is considered, cerebrospinal fluid may be the specimen.

Interfering factors

 • Cells can still produce cytokines after specimen collection. It is best to freeze the specimen.

• Cytokines can degrade in the specimen container.

 • Cytokines can stimulate or inhibit other cytokines while in the specimen container.

 Procedure and patient care

• See inside front cover for Routine Blood Testing.

• Fasting: no

• Blood tube commonly used: red

Abnormal findings

- Inflammatory disease

-AIDS

-Various malignancies

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم شؤون المعارف يطلق دورة (صفات الشيعة) لعدد من ملاكات العتبة العباسية المقدسة

الهيأة العليا لإحياء التراث تبحث تعزيز التعاون المشترك مع مركز الإمام الباقر (عليه السلام) في إيران

جامعة الكفيل تكرِّم طلبتها المتميزين من ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة

فريق طبي في مستشفى الكفيل يجري عملية ناجحة لطفل يعاني من تشوّه ولاديّ بالنخاع الشوكي

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

خصوصا مع تقدم السن.. 6 سلوكيات يومية قد تدمّر صحتك

فاكهة خضراء.. علاج طبيعي فعّال للإمساك واضطرابات الهضم

روسيا تبدأ أولى التجارب السريرية للقاح واعد ضد السرطان

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

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المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

marijuana (THC) test (Cannabinoid or cannabis testing, Tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] testing)

lung cancer molecular testing (AKT1, ALK, BRAF, Epidermal growth factor [EGFR], HER2, KRAS, MEK1, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, RET, and ROS1)

kidney stone analysis (Urinary stone analysis, Renal calculus analysis)

Variability and Standardization of CSF Examination

Lab Diagnosis of Yellow fever

hexosaminidase (Hexosaminidase A, Hex A, Total hexosaminidase, Hexosaminidase A and B)

hemoglobin electrophoresis (Hgb electrophoresis)

growth hormone stimulation test (GH provocation test, Insulin tolerance test [ITT], Arginine test, Glucagon Stimulation test)

Markers of Bone Resorption: Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Telopeptides of Collagen Type I

Markers of Bone Resorption: Collagen Cross-Links

Bone Formation Markers : Osteocalcin

Diagnosis of Prion Disease