Concerning preclinical diagnosis (screening), it is useful to treat type 1 diabetes separately from type 2 and gestational diabetes.

For type 1 diabetes, various evidence from studies on ani mal models suggests that an immune therapeutic intervention before the onset of symptoms can delay or prevent their onset. However, the numerous clinical trials conducted on humans have produced disappointing results. Nevertheless, the ADA recommends that first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes be screened for autoantibodies, specific markers of immune aggression to β-cells, with the recommendation that those who screen positive should then be referred to specialist centers.

Human leukocyte antigen genotype research, perhaps interesting from a research point of view, is not currently recommended for diabetes screening. Similarly, measurement of insulin secretion, the first functional abnormality found at the onset of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is not currently recommended in routine laboratory testing.

Screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic subjects has been a matter of much controversy. However, the rationale is that since it is estimated that, on average, about 30% of individuals with type 2 diabetes have the disease without having yet received a diagnosis, to prevent com plications, the diagnosis should be made as early as possible. Currently, the ADA recommends screening for all asymptomatic individuals over 45 years of age. Screening can be done on younger subjects in the presence of risk factors (e.g., in the case of familial or ethnic group membership). In particular, based on the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adolescents, screening is recommended if there are conditions associated with increased insulin resistance or if there is a history of diabetes in the mother before pregnancy or gestational diabetes. Screening should be repeated every 3 years, starting at age 10.

In some countries, there may be significant differences. For example, in Israel, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is negligible; the entire population is subjected continuously throughout their lives (at school age, during and after military service, etc.) to rigorous medical testing.

Finally, as regards the diagnosis, in the absence of symptoms, the measurement of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can be performed and should be repeated on a second occasion. See below for threshold values and interpretation.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم شؤون المعارف يطلق دورة (صفات الشيعة) لعدد من ملاكات العتبة العباسية المقدسة

الهيأة العليا لإحياء التراث تبحث تعزيز التعاون المشترك مع مركز الإمام الباقر (عليه السلام) في إيران

جامعة الكفيل تكرِّم طلبتها المتميزين من ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة

فريق طبي في مستشفى الكفيل يجري عملية ناجحة لطفل يعاني من تشوّه ولاديّ بالنخاع الشوكي

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

خصوصا مع تقدم السن.. 6 سلوكيات يومية قد تدمّر صحتك

فاكهة خضراء.. علاج طبيعي فعّال للإمساك واضطرابات الهضم

روسيا تبدأ أولى التجارب السريرية للقاح واعد ضد السرطان

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

رصد نوع نادر من القطط في تايلاند للمرة الأولى منذ عقود

روسيا تخطط لإقامة محطة نووية في القمر خلال العقد المقبل

كيف قاد إيلون ماسك حملة "غروك" لاختراق عرش الذكاء الاصطناعي

ألتمان: الذكاء الاصطناعي سيتجاوز البشر في 2026 !

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

marijuana (THC) test (Cannabinoid or cannabis testing, Tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] testing)

lung cancer molecular testing (AKT1, ALK, BRAF, Epidermal growth factor [EGFR], HER2, KRAS, MEK1, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, RET, and ROS1)

kidney stone analysis (Urinary stone analysis, Renal calculus analysis)

Variability and Standardization of CSF Examination

Lab Diagnosis of Yellow fever

hexosaminidase (Hexosaminidase A, Hex A, Total hexosaminidase, Hexosaminidase A and B)

hemoglobin electrophoresis (Hgb electrophoresis)

growth hormone stimulation test (GH provocation test, Insulin tolerance test [ITT], Arginine test, Glucagon Stimulation test)

Markers of Bone Resorption: Amino and Carboxy-Terminal Telopeptides of Collagen Type I

Markers of Bone Resorption: Collagen Cross-Links

Bone Formation Markers : Osteocalcin

Diagnosis of Prion Disease